Child abuse: Cause and effects

Child abuse: Cause and effects Child Abuse Cause and Effects Abstract Child abuse is one of major problem faced by many children around the world and its take the attention of all nations. Children can be abused by different people like parents, strangeness, and member of their families, teachers and other children at school or in the community. Regardless who are the abusers, causes and effects are all same like any other abuse. Child abuse can be categorized into four types: physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. Each type has different causes and different effects on child life and on the community. In this paper I will highlight the causes and effects of it .The causes can be due to poverty, family stress, abuse of substances (drugs, alcohol ) and psychological problems. The effects depend on the type of the cause and it can be divided into three categories which can be seen in the individual and reflect in the community. These are Emotional effects, physical effects and behavioral effects. Treatment of child abuse after the recognition of the causes and its effect is important and before that the prevention or stopping it is the chief of all. There are several clear steps everybody especially the family need or must to follow it. Child Abuse Cause and Effects Children are a gift from Goad to every parents dreaming of having a child. They have the right to be loved and treated will, unfortunately; still there are those who are suffering from abuse in the extremely sense of the word. It is also difficult to imagine that any person would purposely cause harm on any child .The word abuse is define as make a bad or wrong use of (Oxford Advanced, Learner Dictionary, 1977, P.4) and a child is defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) as Every human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable under the child majority is attained earlier.Barent Barnet stated , Much as we might like to believe otherwise, child abuse is wide-spread.(Barent Barnet,1998) (P1207). There are several terms used by different agencies regarding child abuse. The United state Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define child abuse or maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other car egiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child (Child Maltreatment: Definitions, ,April 20, 2009, para.1). Moreover, some child development experts simply they define child abuse as any act which fails to take care of the children. At present the rate of child abuse incidents increased rapidly and continuing and each child around the world in spite of his /her age, sex, race and religion can fall victim for abuse from the strangers or from member of his/her family. According to Child Protective Service agencies, state in 2001 probable 3 million children were reported as suspected victims of abuse and neglect. They reported that young children are most at risk for being abuse or neglect, and 40% of the victims are under the age of 6 years too (Barent Barnet, 1998) (P1207). Child abuse can include many types, has many causes and its affects the innocent children negatively and leaves deep and permanent marks on them. Child Abuse can happen because of poverty, family stress, abuse of substances (drugs, alcohol ) and psychological problems. Child abuses have different forms. It can be physical, emotional , sexual abuse and neglect. The abusers can be from family or a stranger and those are selected to express their difficulties or problems on the helpless children who are unable to defend themselves. The effects of any types of abuse what ever the cause is severe and various according to the form of abuse. It can be seen on the child, family and community. Causes of Child abuse There are several causes of child abuse. First cause is poverty. It happens when the family does not have the resources to provide or to meet the need of their family members especially children like food, proper dress, education .ect. In some poor countries, number of families tends to sail their children to rich people and some they make them to work in very young age or they just leave them in front of any orphaned door because they are unable to meet their need and this consider as abuse for them. Family as we know is considers as core of safety to all children and it is an important sour of love and care. Family problems are the second cause of child abuse, it can be due to divorce so the child will be separated from the family and because of that a lot of problems raised such as both parents asking for their right to take the child. Moreover, child abuse almost occurs in many families with abused parents were they abused before therefore they are reflecting that on their child ren. Some of the parents are young and they dont know how to deal with difficulties that they face when taken care of a child. The third cause of abuse results because the abusers are taken substances which make them unaware of them self or others around them. Substance abuse is become one of the main reasons for the increasing number of child abuse around the world. Through out different studies it was clear that parents with history of substance abuse, most commonly alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, were more likely to abuse their children. This substance can leads to developing abnormal behaviors by the abuser either they are from family or strangers. The last cause of child abuse can be psychological. Parents who do not have a support community of close friends or relatives living nearby may feel isolated. Some of the family members who are suffering from mental disorders tend to harm the child without knowing Forms of child abuse Child abuse can take different forms physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect as mention previously. Physical abuse includes scalding, beating or severe physical punishment and it is easiest to identify the dangers of physical abuse. Sexual abuse includes sexual assault, fondling of genital areas, and exposure to indecent acts or involvement in sexual pornography in the net or in some television channels. Sexual abusers steal from a child their childhood. Emotional abuse includes verbal abuse and unfair criticism, terrorizing acts, and lack of nurturance or emotional support. Child neglect can take on a number of different forms. For instance a childs nutritional needs can be ignored, resulting in a deficient diet and, in turn, a failure to thrive. This type of neglect is not necessarily done purposely and it may result because parents have lack of knowledge regarding a healthy diet or from poverty. Physical neglect results when a child is not provided with shelter a nd clothing. Neglect can also come in the form of inadequate medical care, lack of proper supervision, and lack of educational opportunities. Finally, neglect also includes inadequate emotional care, where a child experiences a continuous lack of response to his or her crying or any other behavior in need of a response. A UNICEF report on child well-being stated that the United States and the United Kingdom ranked lowest among industrial nations with respect to the wellbeing of children. This study also found that child neglect and child abuse are far more common in single-parent families than in families where both parents are present. The type of neglect experienced by children can be dependent on the culture in which child lives. For example, in India one problem still faced by many young women is marriage in small age and some time they are still children. Due to extreme poverty, many girls are consider as a financial burden to their families and are in turn forced to marry in e xchange for money. In some cases, young women are sold. As Segal (2001) notes, under both circumstances these children are inevitably physically abused. Based on the above child abuse with its various forms and causes it has several effects too. It can be short, and others are lifelong so it is differ according to the severity of the abuse and its type. Children with a history of abuse are at risk of developing psychiatric problems. Furthermore, new research linked between exposure to child abuse in all its forms and rates of many chronic conditions that adult develops. The strongest evidence comes from the Adverse Childhood Experiences like V. J. Felitti, MD Kaiser Permanente and R. F. Anda, series of studies which show relations between exposure to abuse or neglect and higher rates in adulthood of chronic conditions, high risk health behaviors and shortened live span. The effects of child abuse can be divided into three categories which can be seen in the individual and reflect in the community. These are Emotional effects, physical effects and behavioral. Starting with emotional effects which include low self-esteem, depression a nd anxiety, eating disorders, bad dreams; bed wetting, difficulties in building relationship, isolation, and personality disorders. Physical effects include life threatening injuries, death, lifelong health problems, difficulties in understanding, and physical disabilities. Finally, Behavioral effects that include problems in school the progress of mental development , criminal behavior, pregnancy of girls in small age, suicide attempts, substance abuse, aggressive behavior, abuse others and anger. In conclusion, it is clear that child abuse is a global problem. It occurs due to several causes which can be financial stress and poverty, adult use of alcohol and other drugs, parents are not having basic knowledge of child care and development. In addition adults can abuse children in different ways for example physically, emotionally, sexually and by neglect. So it is important or must be aware of the signs which may leads to abuse and detect it. These characteristic can appear in: Families who are isolated and not involve with the community. Parents who are having history of abused as children. Families who are most of the time facing money problems. Parents who abuse drugs or alcohol so they become impairment caused by being intoxicated. Parents who are very inflexible in disciplining their child. Parents who show too much or too little concern for their child. Parents who feel they have a difficult child. Parents who are under a lot of stress The effect of these problems are found in the child and then in the community as a result. The effects on a child depends on the degree of the abuse is, the greater the abuse, the greater the effect on the child. Abused children also exhibit conditions like difficulty in building up relationships with others so he/she will be isolated from community. A feeling of guilt and anger can be develop and may become abuser him/herself later in adult stage. It is clear that child abuse regardless of its cause leaves more than just bruises or words; it is a matter which needs a greatest attention since it involves the future generation of the world. Not only they will suffer from the physical and mental abuse, they suffer many long-term effects, including delays in developmental, refusal to attend school, separation from community and anxiety disorders. Even though, child abuse is still continuing and complex problem with many causes, we should not build a negative attitude toward its prevention. Therefore everybody responsible in stopping child abuse by reducing if not eliminating the causes yet we feel angry at abuser who can take away a spirit of a child. Around the world there are many agencies with different program trying their best to stop it. This can be done by adapting several plans for example: Preventing and treat individual with substance abuse Parents listening to their children and talk with them. Educating new parents on the parenting skills since Children need to know that they are special, loved and capable of following their dreams. Stopping child abuse when seeing it. Teaching the child the difference between acceptable and unacceptable touching, and to trust their instincts about people. Educating the parents about the signs of abuse so it will be easy to detect it. Children are an important element in any community; they desire a maximum love and care should be given to them without any restrictions. They are deserves a healthy, save childhood and the opportunity to grow up to normally and become contributing adult able to serve and build up a healthy community. We all want to protect them and guide them in the right direction. References Child Abuse Physical Abuse and Neglect, Psychological Maltreatment, Sexual Abuse. Retrieved December 18, 2009, from http://family .jarnk.org/pages/219/child-abuse.html Child Abuse. Retrieved December 18, 2009, from hptt://www.indianchild.com/child_abuse.htm-child Coon, D. (2004). Introduction to psychology, Gateways to Mind and Behavior (Tenth Edition ed.). Hornby, A. (1985). Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English. Potts, N. L., L.Mandleco, B. (2007). Pediatr ic Nursing, caring for children and Their Families (Second Edition ed.). The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study,Retrieved December 18,2009, from http://www.acestudy.org/ The Relationship between Parental Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Child Maltreatment. Retrieved December 18, 2009, from http://www.childabuse.com/fs14.htm The Reality of Child Abuse cause and effect. (2009). Retrieved December 18, 2009, from http://stopabusega.tripod.com/id6.html United state Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),child Abuse,. Retrieved December21, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/pdf/trends2006.pdf What is child abuse and neglect?. Retrieved December 20, 2009, from http://www.orgeon.gov/DHS/children/abuse/abuse-neglect.shtml

Write Up on Detection of Fraud

DETECTION OF FRAUD (A Study on the Relations of Fraud Detection, Redress and Reporting by Auditors, Protecting against Fraud Detection: the Case of Auditors and the Effect of Auditors Personality) Prepared by:- _________________________________________________________________________ PREFACE The objective of this assignment is to promote critical thinking on to what extent auditors comply with auditing standards once they encounter fraud and auditors’ compliance on managing fraud, the debate on auditors’ negligence when it comes to fraud and the side effects of fraud detection towards personality.A selection of three articles that were chosen in identifying and subsequently analyse the impact of fraud towards an individual, group or within an organisation. The three articles are:- * Protecting against Detection: The Case of Auditors and Fraud? * Fraud detection, redress and reporting by auditors, * Fraud Risk Assessment and Detection of Fraud: The Moderating Effect of P ersonality. The objective for this assignment is to aim on the relationship between the auditors’ ability to assess fraud risk and the ability to detect the likelihood of fraud.Also, this study considers the overall trend of development and the prospects for future changes regarding the auditor’s fraud detection responsibilities. INTRODUCTION Most of the individuals feel that auditors fail to comply with some important elements of fraud standards. Fraud represents a significant and challenging issue throughout the accounting profession practically almost everywhere in the world.Dramatic financial scandals often takes place as soon after companies received apparent â€Å"green light† from their auditors have kept the issue of fraud and the responsibility for its detection closely relate to auditors in particular. Auditors are required by the auditing standards to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from any misstatements. Inability to accomplish so particularly fraud may expose the auditors to litigation. The detection of fraud is the most important portion of the auditor’s duties.Therefore, auditors should assiduously cultivate this branch of their activities. (Dicksee, 1990). Whenever there is a sudden alarm and collapse within the company, people tend to assume that the auditors negligently failed to spot something was wrong and the auditors failed to solve the issue. Detection of fraud is no longer the principal audit objective but rather the subsidiary to the determination of the truth and fairness of corporate financial statements.This development in stated audit objectives is often portrayed as a process of natural, uncontroversial evolution in which professional guidance came to meet changing public expectations and circumstances (Tricker, 1982). The growth in the size of business, the assumption of corporate management of a greater responsibility for fraud detection and a broad acceptance of t he increasingly uneconomic nature of audit-based fraud detection are usually identified as the main causes of the changing nature of audit responsibilities (CACA, 1986).CENTRAL ISSUES & PROBLEMS When it comes to redress, it relates to the auditee taking measures situations where fraud has been detected. Given the existing standards on the role of auditors in fraud situations, the existence performance gap in this context can be due to several factors, including the lack of knowledge or competence on how to act once corporate fraud is detected, lack of care in following protocol or the lack of independence of the auditor possibly because conflicting of interest.Given the sensitive nature of fraud reporting towards the society’s expectations, compliance with fraud standards is crucial nowadays. 56% from recent surveys said that expectations of auditors rely on the auditor’s duty to detect fraud, while 42% believed that it is the responsibility to search actively for frau d (Steen, 1990). The issue of fraud is very essential for public accountants and auditors because litigation actions may be taken against them should they not be able to detect fraud during the conduct of the audit.Take for example when Xerox was sanctioned for overstating earnings by US$3 billion, its auditor KPMG was liable for US$22 million in penalties (Ettradge, Sun, Lee & Anandarajan, 2005). The present scenario is an extension whereby study shown that the effect of the auditors’ ability to assess fraud risk on their ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. High fraud risk scenario, the auditors’ ability to assess fraud risk has positive effect on their ability to detect the likelihood of fraud, whereas in a low fraud risk scenario not.Adding to that study, another factor which is the personality may affect the ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. The study predicts that there might be other factor that affects the auditor’s job performance that is in the ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. LITERATURE REVIEW The present study predicts that personality might have only moderating effect on the fraud detection ability.The present study illustrates and examines Big-5 factors of personality that are neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and agreeableness because these factors are the basic dimensions of personality and it is predominantly viewed that many personality traits are subsumed under these five categories. This shows that personality does influence job performance and by investigating the moderating affects of the personality factors on the relationship between the auditors’ ability to assess fraud risk and their ability to detect the likelihood of fraud.Attribution Theory This theory suggests that the level of future expected performance, in a particular task depends mainly on the particular causes to which prior success or failure in the same task is attributed. This theory i s appropriate because there is a need to assess the causal attribution of the auditors’ performance, i. e: ability to detect the likelihood of fraud. With this study, the level of the future expected liability to detect the likelihood of fraud is attributed by the auditors’ prior ability to assess the level of fraud risk.Five-factor Theory 1. Neuroticism as a personality trait * This study shows that auditors who are high on neuroticism will not be able to perform effectively in their job as compared to those who are low on neuroticism, because those with high neuroticism tend to show negative attitudes. With such attitudes demonstrate, the auditors may not be able to appropriately detect the likelihood of fraud. In any fraud situation, high on neuroticism would diminish the relationship between the ability to assess the risk and the ability to detect fraud altogether. . Extraversion as a personality trait * When a person is experiencing positive emotions, it may influ ence them to perform well in their job. In any risk situation, high on extraversion would have positive influence on the relationship between the auditors’ ability to assess fraud risk. 3. Conscientiousness as a personality trait * Individuals with high level of conscientiousness may be able to perform well in the job because of the characters such as organized and reliable are important facets for carrying out the audit work. 4.Openness to experience as a personality trait * An auditor is more open to experience; he/she should be more able to detect the likelihood of fraud. Possessing traits such as intellectually curious, behaviorally flexible and nondogmatic in attitude and values can be considered as essential to conduct risk. 5. Agreeableness as a personality trait * Auditor who demonstrates high level of agreeableness in his/her personality such as cooperativeness, trustfulness and adaptability would make them more competent in performing the jobs.METHODOLOGY The inform ation pertaining to the study on the role of auditors in fraud cases, survey was conducted among audit partners of Dutch firms. The questionnaire contained three questions which were:- 1. Questions relating to the features of the fraud cases auditors had experienced in the period. 2. Questions on the reporting and redress of the fraud cases 3. Questions on the perceived role of auditor in the redress process. The overall respond is satisfactory, especially considering the sensitive nature of the study.Secondly, in the study of the personality traits, two levels of ability to assess fraud risk and two levels of each dimension of personality factor. The factors of personality are neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and agreeableness. The study also practicing the independent auditors registered in Malaysia, designated as audit partner or audit manager who are attached to the auditing firms in Malaysia. FINDINGS Most auditors who do have experience elim inated fraud believe that fraud detection and process are often significant in order to minimize risk.Auditors reporting of fraud according to the fraud standards and regulations are defined as below. 1. Reporting to management. – As soon as auditors detect fraud or receive signals that could interpret as such, the auditor needs to report this to management in writing. 2. Reporting to the supervisory Board. – auditing standards explicitly required certain types of fraud to be reported in writing to the supervisory board such as cases of management fraud, cases of material fraud, and cases whereby management refuses to redress the fraud. 3.The redress process. – when the auditor has detected fraud and management has not yet taken appropriate steps to redress the effects of fraud, the auditor is required to demand that the fraud be redressed, i. e. the consequences of the fraud have to be rectified as far as possible and recurrence needs to be prevented. 4. Audito r resignation. – The auditing standards allowed auditor to resign from the assignment of the fraud but required the auditor to resign if the case of material fraud was not redressed. 5. External reporting of fraud. Finally, the auditing standards state that when material fraud discovered during a statutory audit has not been redressed by the audit client within a reasonable time frame, the auditor is not only required to resign from the engagement, but also to notify the dedicated government agency. Such procedure also plus the expansion of auditor’s fraud detection responsibilities by assuming of willingness to play more active role in assessing and reporting on the adequacy of the company’s system and internal controls.Matters that should take into consideration when considering the disclosure is justified in the public interest may include: * Fraud irregularities is likely to result in material gain or loss that effect a large number of people, * The extent t o which non-disclosure of fraud is likely to enable it to be repeated with impunity, * Whether there is general management ethos within the entity of flouting the law and regulations, * The weight of evidence and the auditor’s assessment of the likelihood that fraud has been committed. CONCLUSIONIn attempting to interpret and understand changing audit responsibilities, there would appear to be much to be gained by moving beyond traditional rationalizations of a profession responding directly to public demands. Various changes can be regarded as reflective of the conflicting, political nature of a self-regulated accounting profession and the outcomes dependent on the profession’s pursuit of professional interests and the profession’s attempts to manage the interplay between its own interests and any competing public duties and obligations.It is right to acknowledge that public expectation that auditors should report suspected fraud was reasonable. It is recommend ed that auditors should be given greater encouragement to report whatever that is necessary and fit in reporting fraud detection. Additionally, it emphasized the role of internal control in the prevention and detection of fraud and suggested that where there was a legal responsibility for internal control systems, auditors should have a formal duty to report on their adequacy.Changes in the law would have a statutory duty to report suspected fraud at the same time. It stated that auditors should be left at â€Å"liberty to report cases of fraud to the authorities without statutory backing† and that any change in the current position could be accomplished through revising the ethical guidance to auditors on professional conduct. Auditors have the duties to the rest of the community of which they are part and they owe to the community a more compelling duty which must on occasion take first place.Public expectation must be given full weight in all matters (Accountancy Age, 12 D ecember 1985). In developing auditing guidance concerning to fraud, three considerations have proved dominant: * The relative responsibilities of management and auditors for the prevention and detection of fraud, other illegal acts and irregularities and errors; * The conduct of an audit in order to have a reasonable expectations of detecting significant misstatements; * The action to be taken when errors are discovered.With respect to the prevention and detection, all proposed guidance has emphasized the paramount responsibility of management, with the auditor’s responsibility being couched consistently in terms of materiality and the truth and fairness of the financial statements. The role of auditors is to properly plan, perform and evaluate his/her audit work so as to have a reasonable expectation of detecting material misstatements in the financial statements, whether they are caused by fraud, irregularities or errors.LIMITATIONS Auditors in any circumstances have no dut y to act as an informer to the extent where it would jeopardise or destroy the trust and confidentiality on which it felt that auditing depended. The use of word â€Å"informer† indicates a somewhat dismissive attitude to the possibility of breaking the confidential relationship with the management or public’s expectation.Considerable resistance among auditors to the ideas that they should accept a general responsibility to detect fraud or extend their reporting responsibilities in the interest of the public. Whether changing audit responsibilities concerning detection of fraud come voluntarily or statutorily, such changes need to be based on greater awareness and continuing public investigation of the operation and capabilities of the audit function is this regard. Otherwise, it would anticipate that the position in the future will be with nfortunate, be little different in the roles and responsibilities of the accountancy profession towards the public interest. REFER ENCES 1. Fraud Detection, Redress and Reporting by Auditors by Harold Hassink, Roger Meuwissen and Lauren Bollen. 2. Protecting against Detection: The Case of Auditors and fraud? By Christopher Humphrey and Stuart Turley. 3. Fraud Risk Assessment and Detection of Fraud: The Moderating Effect of Personality by Nahariah Jaffar, Hasnah Haron, Takiah Mohd Iskandar and Arfah Salleh.

Paste Organization Profile Here. - 4260 Words

Paste Organization profile here CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT EXISTING SYSTEM ITS DISADVANTAGES PROPOSED SYSTEM ITS ADVANTAGES 2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2.1. STUDY OF THE SYSTEM 2.2. INPUT OUTPUT REPRESENTATION 2.3. PROCESS MODELS USED WITH JUSTIFICATION 3. FEASIBILITY STUDY 3.1. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY 3.2. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY 3.3. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY 4. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS 4.1. FUNCIONAL REQUIREMENTS 4.2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 4.3. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 4.4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 4.4.1. INTRODUCTION TO JAVA 4.4.2. Swings 5. SYSTEM DESIGN 5.1 . INTRODUCTION 5.2 UML DIAGRAMS 6. OUTPUT SCREENS 7. SYSTEM TESTING 7.1 INTRODUCTION TO TESTING 7.2 TESTING STRATEGIES 8. SYSTEM SECURITY 8.1 INTRODUCTION 8.2 SECURITY IN SOFTWARE 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 2.1 STUDY OF THE SYSTEM To provide flexibility to the users, the interfaces have been developed that are accessible through a browser. The GUI’S at the top level have been categorized as 1. 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General Mills BCG Matrix Essay - 1214 Words

BCG Matrix Analysis on General Mills Canada General Mills is a company that has many brands in the food industry, however, they are more famously known for their individual brands. Their primary brands include Cheerios, Nature Valley, Pillsbury, Green Giant, Old El Paso, Hamburger Helper, Betty Crocker and Yoplait (General Mills Canada). When these brands are organized into different categories, General Mills’ product mix is the result. Taken right from General Mills Canada website and how they organize their brands for consumer friendliness, their product mix includes: baking products, cereals, dough/pastries, fruit, ice cream, meals, organic/natural, pasta, pizza, snacks, soup, vegetables, and yogurt. Each individual type in the product†¦show more content†¦For a complete 8-year trend of cereals net sales, refer to Appendix D, which also shows a stable trend with very few fluctuations. The Dog In the BCG Matrix, dogs are also known as the products that â€Å"break-even† and generate only enough cash to cover the market share. The meal product line in General Mills can be identified with the dog. Based on the company’s 2014 Annual Report, it can be seen that meals have a relatively low market share of about 14%-15% (refer to Appendix A and B). However, what is shocking is that it has the lowest expected growth at about 5% (refer to Appendix C). Due to the fact that it does not have as a high a market share as cereals, the meal product line is identified with the dog. The meal product line is also relatively new for General Mills, however, it was introduced into a relatively established market. According to an article by The MinnPost, it reveals that General Mills did not introduce the meal product line until 2013. This is relatively late in the market since there are other companies that have ready-to-go meals since the 1980’s. 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Market / Industry analysis 16 October 2012 Draft v1 3.1 Snack market Find some stuff for the snack market -à  Ã¯Æ'   look in the book Trends developments nï  ®Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Market share of snacks in the US 2007 General trends towards: –†¯ HealthierRead MoreResearch on Dalda Cooking Oil8217 Words   |  33 Pages |12-13 | |Competitors Overview: Sufi Oil |14-16 | | Habib Oil Mills | | | ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS | | |Porter five forcesRead Morecomparitve analysis5263 Words   |  22 Pagesoperations, each having a different intent and time horizon. The function of strategy, which has a time horizon of years, is, in general, to set the long-term direction or position of the firm, for example define the technology, product, or service that the firm intends to develop, and determine the intended market for the product or service. 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How Appropriate Were The Various Sampling Design Decisions

Describe the sampling strategy. How appropriate were the various sampling design decisions? Sampling strategy is a focus on a smaller group to determine the conclusions of the larger population (Cooper Schindler, 2014, p. 338). In this instance, the McMahon Group employed both focus groups and mail surveys as strategies to gather information and the dual approach produced relevant and valuable data for researchers. Flexible and inexpensive, focus groups consist of six to ten participants (Hartman, 2004, p. 408). Additionally, a moderator guides the discussion among its panel members that allows researchers to observe real-time verbal responses and nonverbal cues (Hartman, 2004, p. 402; Cooper Schindler, 2014, p. 160). Focus groups moderators also have the ability to introduce new ideas to gain a greater understanding of concerns from respondents (Hartman, 2004, p. 402). However, a concern with focus group is the lack of anonymity due to the face-to-face participation. 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US Economy Free Essays

The Jan aura release of the most current GAP became available showing that the fourth quarter GAP was 4. 1 . While with recent government regulation they lowered the first quarter GAP to 2. We will write a custom essay sample on US Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5 percent. However, following the report will include a statement about my personal prediction for the remainder of the 2014 fiscal year using sets of very complex variables and skilled opinions. Unemployment Rating: The unemployment rate in the United States as anticipated by the IIS Federal Bureau of Economic Analysis is around 6. 7 percent as of the beginning of the 2014 in February as demonstrated on the graph pictured above. This number s estimated using the numbers given for persons in the United States that have been actively looking for job opportunities as a percentage of the labor force. This number has been gradually decreasing since July 201 2 and will continue to decline as the job market continues to expand with new technologies and education. Although, during the holiday seasons the unemployment always goes down, but as soon as they end, such as after Christmas and thanksgiving the number increases by almost 2 percent. The number of federal employees in 201 2 decreased to almost 22 million jobs which is . Percent less than the year before. Due to the fact that these numbers are only compiled every five years, this . 5 percent decrease is quite shocking to many people. These employees include policemen, nurses, and teachers along with many more. While the number of unemployment among the youth continues to increase, the percentage of adult men and women without health insurance will also continu e to rise with the execution of Obama care. Unemployment Rate February 2014 Month/Month Year/Year National 6. 7% +0. 1 Florida 6. 2% 0. -17 As shown in the chart above, the unemployment rate of Florida is demonstrated versus the rest of the United States. Governor of Florida, Rick Scott announced that Florist’s statewide unemployment rate for May 2013 dropped to 7. 1 percent, the lowest rate since September 2008. Florist’s rate was down O. 1 percentage point from Aprils rate of 7. 2 percent and continues to fall below the national average, which went up to 7. 6 percent in May. As Florida continue to distance itself from the national unemployment rate it is clear that the state government will succeed in growing opportunities for Florida families. Due to the incredible successes that Florida communities had experienced, Florist’s unemployment rate is well below the national average. Gross Domestic product (GAP)I The gross domestic product (GAP) measures of national income and output for a given country’s economy. The gross domestic product (GAP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period often. The Gross Domestic Product (GAP) in the Lignite States was worth 15684. 80 billion US dollars in 2012. The GAP value of the United States represents 25. 30 percent of the world economy. GAP in the United States is reported by the The World Bank Group. From 1960 until 201 2, the united states GAP averaged 5725. 9 USED Billion reaching n all time high of 1 5684. 8 USED Billion in December of 2012 and a record low of 520. 5 USED Billion in December of 1960. At the beginning of the first quarter of 2014 the GAP was 2. 4 percent due to the recent government sanctions to promote businesses and services locally instead of internationally. Although, the US Federal Bureau of Economic Analysis states that the United States represents 25. 30 percent of the world’s economy. The increase in real GAP in 201 3 primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PACE), exports, residential fixed investment, nonresidential fixed investment, and private inventory investment that were partly offset by a negative contribution from federal government spending The deceleration in real GAP growth in 201 3 primarily reflected a deceleration in nonresidential fixed investment, a larger decrease in federal government spending, and decelerations in PACE and in exports that were partly offset by a deceleration in imports and a smaller decrease in state and local government spending. How to cite US Economy, Papers

Hip Hop Influences free essay sample

Hip hop Is a musical genre which developed alongside hip hop culture, defined by key stylistic elements such as rapping, Digging, sampling, scratching and beating. Hip hop began in the Bronx of New York City in the asses, primarily among African Americans, Jamaican Americans, and, to an extent, Latino Americans. The term rap is often used synonymously with hip hop, but hip hop denotes the practices of an entire subculture. Rapping, also referred to as Mincing or emceeing, is a vocal style in which the artist speaks lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized beat.Beats, almost always In 4/4 time signature, can be created by looping portions of other songs, usually by a D], or sampled from portions of other songs by a producer. Modern beats incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Rappers may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works a capable or too beat. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop Influences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The roots of hip hop are found in African-American music and ultimately African music. The grits of West Africa are a group of traveling singers and poets who are part of an oral tradition dating back hundreds of years. Their vocal style Is similar to that of rappers. The African-American traditions of signifying, the dozens, and Jazz poetry are all descended from the grits. In addition, musical comedy acts such as Rudy Ray Moore and Blowfly are considered by some to be the forefathers of rap. Within New York City, grist-like performances of poetry and music by artists such as The Last Poets, Gill Scott Heron and Gala Mansard Unhurried had a significant impact on the post-civil rights era culture of the asses and 1 sass.Hip hop arose during the asses when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, especially in the Bronx. Block parties incorporated Des who played popular genres of music, especially funk and soul music. Des, realizing Its positive reception, began Isolating the percussion breaks of popular songs. This technique was then common in Jamaican dub music and had spread to New York City via the substantial Jamaican immigrant community. A major proponent of the technique was the godfather of hip hop, the Jamaican-born DC Cool Here.Dub music had become popular In Jamaica due to the Influence of American sailors and Rhythm Blues. Large sound systems were set up to accommodate poor Jamaican who couldnt afford to buy records and dub developed at the sound yester. Emigrating to the united States from Jamaica In 1967, DC Cool Here became one of the most popular Des in New York City In the asses. Because the New York audience did not particularly like dub or reggae, Here quickly switched to using funk, soul and disco records. Due to the fact that the percussive breaks were generally records. Turntables techniques, such as beat mixing/matching, scratching (seemingly invented by Grand Wizard Theodore) and beat Juggling eventually developed along with the breaks, creating a base that could be rapped over. This same techniques undistributed to the popularization of remixes. Such looping, sampling and remixing of anothers music, sometimes without the original artists knowledge or consent, can be seen as an evolution of Jamaican dub music,[8][9] and would become a hallmark of the hip hop style.Jamaican immigrants also provided an influence on the vocal style of rapping by delivering simple raps at their parties, inspired by the Jamaican tradition of toasting. Des and Masc. would often add call and response chants, often comprising of a basic chorus, to allow the performer to gather his thoughts (e. G. one, two, three, all, to the beat). Later, the Masc. grew more varied in their vocal and rhythmic approach, incorporating brief rhymes, often with a sexual or scatological theme, in an effort at differentiating themselves and entertaining the audience.Hip hop music was an outlet and a voice for disenfranchised youth as the culture reflected the social, economic and political realities of their lives. These early raps incorporated the dozens, a product of African American culture. Cool Here the Hercules were the first hip hoppers to gain major fame in New York, but the number of MS teams increased over time. Often these were collaborations between former gangs, such as Afrikaans Bombasts Universal Zulu Nation now a large, international organization. Melee Mel, a rapper/lyricist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an MS. During the early asses breakfasting arose during block parties, as b-boys and b-girls got in front of the audience to dance in a distinctive and frenetic style. The style was documented for release to a world wide audience for the first time in documentaries and movies such as Style Wars, Wild Style, and Beat Street.